Background and Aim: The discussion of the transition to strict regulation is one of the neglected aspects of international LAW, which this article with emphasis on the PARIS Convention on Climate Change seeks to explain and analyze. Materials and Methods: This article is Analytical descriptive and uses the library method. Ethical considerations: In this article, Originality of texts, honesty and trusteeship Has been complied. Results: In international LAW, we see a transition from hard LAW to soft LAW. in the field of environmental issues, This is especially true. Soft rights increasing attention due to their flexibility and adaptability to conditions, the creation of conditions for broad government participation, and the reduction of their resistance to the implementation of directives have received. The mentioned features of soft LAW it to have a high potential in international agreements and collective decisions, especially in the field of environmental issues have caused. Conclusion: The PARIS Convention on Climate Change a number of commitments for developed, small and developing countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, which can be explained in terms of soft LAW has defined. Lack of mandatory enforcement guarantees as enshrined in hard LAW and voluntary commitments of members based on cooperation and coexistence of states and the development of a dispute settlement mechanism based on compromise and cooperation are the most important examples and aspects of transition from hard rights to soft rights in the PARIS Convention on Climate Change.

In the international system, trademark protection and confronting its infringement is based on territorial principle of these rights. It means that the country in which the rights have been created and registered, determines the scope of protection. Therefore, trademark right is protected in that territory and beyond this there is no protection. According to this principle, trademark infringement does not come true outside the country where it has been registered. Thus, at the international level it is not possible to protect trademark. For international protection of trademarks, PARIS Convention, Madrid Agreement and its protocol and TRIPS Agreement and Rome2 regulations have accepted the territorial principle and for international protection have provided the national treatment principle in member states in order to aid international registration of marks and to expand the territorial principle to extraterritorial protection. Iranian Patent, Trademarks and Industrial Design Act accepts this principle and tries to comply with it and apply PARIS Convention and Madrid Agreement in Iranian LAW toward international protection of trademarks.

In a transmodern world, the current research finds commonalities between the Semiotics of Discourse (PARIS School) which is intertwined with other fields such as linguistics, and coaching. The main problem and hypothesis of the present research is to argue that the Semiotics of Discourse (PARIS School) can provide ʻ part ofʼ a comprehensive theoretical framework for conceptualizing coaching and its development as an academic discipline and subdiscipline. Therefore, adopting a descriptive-analytic method based on Fontanille's ideas (Fontanille, 2003, as translated by Bostic, 2006) in analyzing and solving a case study of one of her clients in coaching, and introducing the term ʻ Khodnavardiʼ being established and registered in Iran by her, the author examines this problem and hypothesis. In order to make linguistics (its types and subdisciplines), semiotics (its types, and other fields intertwined with it), and other possible, probable fields, institutions, practitioners, skills, and sciences more practical, the current and future objective of this inquiry is to elementarily introduce the process of coaching discourse as an object and corpus of transdisciplinary studies. This trajectory will finally provide the context for the localization of the academic discipline, subdiscipline, and new profession of coaching, and subsequently coaching education and studies, and coaching training: a kind of localization, entrepreneurship and job creation. Pointing out the similarities between the Semiotics of Discourse (PARIS School) and coaching, and presenting a model based on “ Khodnavardi” , the main achievement of this inquiry is suggesting the basics of ʻ Semiotic Coachingʼ at an academic level in Iran. In addition, ʻ Semiotic Coachingʼ can lead to interactions or commonalities with other fields, institutions, practitioners, skills, and sciences including pragmatism, educational linguistics, edusemiotics, change, transformation, cognitive sciences, philosophy, sociology, psychology, teaching, communication, management, human and organizational resource development, leadership, literature, cinema and theater, etc., and on the other hand, with different types of coaching like linguistic, semantic, ontological, integral, existential, narrative, cognitive, clean language, core energy, neuro-linguistic, academic, developmental, emotional intelligence, and other topics which will not be addressed for the sake of brevity.

Introduction and objective: According to the definition of the World Health Organization, health in its various dimensions (physical, psychological, social and spiritual) is based on the environmental, social and cultural context of society. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to use the experiences and records of the health-centered activities of the city of PARIS to promote Tehran's activities in this area and to overcome the weaknesses and management challenges in this regard. Methodology: by using the structured interview in this research, the principles and indicators were extracted from successful experiences of the city of PARIS, which have been localized in the area of urban health. In this way, experts and stakeholders have considered these principles and their applicability in Tehran. Findings: The current status of Tehran is poorly, moderately well evaluated in some areas of the study of health in the city of PARIS. The extent or applicability of these principles in Tehran is different from the viewpoint of the interviewees, in terms of each of these indicators and principles, and to provide suggested strategies and solutions in the form of a management model, the successful experiences of the city of PARIS and The research foundations in the theoretical part have been reviewed. Conclusion: The adaptation of the performance of Tehran's health management with the experiences of the city of PARIS in this area is not significantly proportional. From the four dimensions of the proposed pattern, only the environmental dimension is appropriate. The social dimension is moderate and two dimensions are economic and management and planning are weak.

PARIS polyphyllaSmith var. yunnanensi s (Liliaceae) is an important traditional medicinal plant of the Yunnan Province in China. However, the genomic information regarding this plant is limited. To further understand its molecular background, we conducted Illumina HiSeq 2000 second-generation sequencing of this plant species.Approximately 30, 198, 679 reads with an average length of 202 bases were obtained from its root cells. These reads were assembled into 56, 095 unique sequences and approximately 49.7% of the unique sequences were annotated by Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) similarity searches against public sequence databases. Most of these unigenes were mapped to carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, and secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways. Additionally, 3, 853 EST-SSRs were identified as potential molecular markers in our unigenes. Of these, 9 nuclear SSR markers were employed to assess genetic diversity and structure of 11 geographically disjunct populations. The present study revealed a moderate genetic diversity (He=0.527) and low genetic differentiation (Fst=0.103), which may be ascribed to an earlier period of more pronounced gene flow when the species had a more continuous distribution. The 11 studied populations were divided into two clusters based on the UPGMA dendrogram, which were not congruent with their geographical distributions. Overall, the root transcriptome sequences generated in this study reveal novel gene expression profiles and offer important clues for further study of the molecular mechanism ofPARIS ’ root secondary metabolite synthesis and population genetics. The EST-SSR markers identified will also facilitate marker-assisted selection inPARIS breeding.

PARIS Agreement has developed a Supervisory System that is necessary for ensuring effective implementation of its provisions and also assessing collective progress towards its long-term goals. This system acts in the framework of communication, transparency, cooperation, and contribution as the top-down component of the binary structure of the agreement. This supervisory system operates in two approaches: 1) receiving information through Monitoring, Reporting, Verification (MRV) and 2) developing a mechanism for promoting compliance and facilitating implementation. In the first approach, all obligations taken by States on a differentiated basis and according to their different capabilities will be transparent and their collective progress will be assessed in global stocktake and in the second approach, the mechanism will examine non-compliance to legally binding obligations and non-implementation of non-binding obligations by parties to the agreement. The present study will analyze the existing legal provisions on compliance and implementation in the PARIS Agreement based on dogmatic method. Considering the type of obligations in the PARIS Agreement, the results prove future actions in compliance mechanism not being adversarial and punitive and indicate that joining the PARIS Agreement would not result in imposing new sanctions against Iran.

This paper is devoted to investigating the philosophical place of Subjectivity in the contemporary thought. My justification for engaging in further study on this much-discussed concept is that three significant questions concerning subjectivity have remained insufficiently examined: What is the problem of philosophical foundation of modernity from Cartesian Cogito to the Kantian autonomous will and to the Hegelian subjectivity? Is there any possibility to overcome the proposed problem from an internal point of view and from the perspective of Jürgen Habermas? Whether the radical criticism of the Enlightenment idea of an autonomous subject by thinkers like Foucault and Derrida leads to loss of freedom or to the robust notion of freedom being deeply improved? This paper, accordingly, will examine the three above mentioned questions regarding subjectivity across three sections. I have argued, in the first section that the Enlightenment’s heritage is contradictory. On the one hand, the notion of subjectivity has generated a kind of emancipation. On the other hand, the subjectivity has enthroned a conception of reason and of method that can be interpreted as a new form of domination. In the second section, I have argued that Habermas’s answer to the philosophical dilemma of subjectivity is to accept the criticism of subject-centered reason but to find a basis for reason in communicative action. Habermas’s conception of subjectivity has been criticized by the help of some contemporary thinkers, in the third section of this paper, and it has been argued that based on his notions of modernity and subjectivity the marginalized populations of the World- namely the Other- can no longer expect intellectual and ethical support for their plight from Frankfurt and should immigrate to PARIS in order to purse the emancipatory aspect of subjectivity.

In the middle of the twentieth century, human realized that if they continued to exploit nature in order to achieve their development goals, they would no longer be left with natural resources to continue their lives. To this end, it was considering ways to increase the productivity and conservation of natural resources while continuing to develop. An idea that became one of the most important aspects of the concept of sustainable development. Several conferences on environmental protection have been held in the country's development process, the last of which was the PARIS Conference 2015 with the participation of 198 countries and the issuance of the PARIS Agreement. The implementation of this agreement will have many multilateral effects for the committed countries. In this study, the social implications of the implementation of the PARIS Agreement, which Iran is committed to doing, will be examined. The method used is the analysis of qualitative content, which is done by analyzing the text of the agreement. The results indicate that Iran to impelement this agreement and not to exceed its greenhouse gas emissions, its annual development rate should not exceed 2%. This low rate virtually drops our country from reaching the advanced countries of the world. Also in the social context, it creates backwardness and pressure on the lower class of the society with intensify of the crisis of legitimacy for the government.